xmrchain.net & Explore.Moneroworld.com

(no javascript - no cookies - no web analytics trackers - no images - open sourced)

Solo mine on your own blockchain to support the monero network!

Public Node Directory || Monero Block Frequency Tool || Monero Website || Make Monero Better!

Monero Testnet Explorer || Monero Stagenet Explorer

i2p links: exchanged.i2p , Local Monero (lm.i2p)

Why so ugly? Monero FAQ

Moneroblocks Explorer || Monerohash explorer || Map of Monero Network

For a pretty version of this explorer with javascript || A note on/for services

NOTE: This explorer actively tests beta software in production. If it crashes, hooray! We found a bug! Please find a backup explorer for these instances.

The most up to date software for Monero are version: CLI v0.18.3.2, GUI v0.18.3.2

If you need to use a remote node, you should set up your own. Good guide for setting up a remote node.

High Fee Bug. Remote nodes can increase your tx fees. Double check before sending. Run your own node.

Block hash (height): 038e80f0dc901da7decef92892b36b9c3eebe20c55e9882ba8c43fb844481971 (2670186)

Previous block: efc95a21976c1adb1a568e7848c156afc1ed1c403e7e6aa2c11f4f32988c3abf
Next block: cc1f31acbc2db5f01855ba53cc785e3696fa650f82b1d08814d240d01f897aad
Timestamp [UTC] (epoch):2022-07-18 19:01:59 (1658170919) Age [y:d:h:m:s]:01:290:10:34:05 Δ [h:m:s]:00:05:08
Major.minor version:14.14 Block reward:0.599995 Block size [kB]:293.8369
nonce:1352388718 Total fees:0.037363 No of txs:157
PoW hash:192620b26dbb8af544d2824f78472ae1e36eb56af51ecdfe993f490200000000 Difficulty:293241744198

Miner reward transaction

hash outputs size [kB] version
356d296a67be685dcd064b031ab398c273e1dcbcb61da6ce82055041b43583ae 0.637358 0.1123 2

Transactions (157)

hash outputs fee [µɱ] in/out size [kB] version
862071e696de8dc427e2dfdcd16ff16a0bcb781f69721e509cb72d938100813d ? 10708 1/2 1.4238 2
3c18fa0db1fd50af1d4b8663c037c553aba9f00d32ca36e3ac4087dcea3ecb0a ? 20656 5/2 3.4346 2
d8c6a1137b747abba695770426c3d6111f12e760a63700b2186aacc643bf4123 ? 0268 2/2 1.9268 2
3f982a3c4c782a13dbb9a1cfdfc1dec4382ac14dbe3f957977bbcd3d96c60b4b ? 0268 2/2 1.9268 2
041dabd015179c59fde5fd8ff334b5c9e2c224bfdc98b637c05789d7dba0b773 ? 0197 2/2 1.9258 2
cc429a2b8d45515c52d26e88b659fc1bd192a89de7906e2925f2afcb959e4fcc ? 0145 1/2 1.4199 2
2ec8395e0710b2bf0199a941fee6786dc57cafaf4daadf59a0aa63498ed15f5d ? 0197 2/2 1.9219 2
61ba6bfb2ebb84785dad7c598a3e0271a4939178c97d58a4f1c7f7d8f55773b6 ? 0197 2/2 1.9229 2
5809467fd5e9b11152b68f4c5df168f9535cf863cbad1e9e551a2f36bb95d96d ? 0146 1/2 1.4209 2
6d78619cab6f0b44df50e9afe704e984d82656253bedec50f687c0f97f673e2f ? 0197 2/2 1.9209 2
0bf453043e2f49be4f17280347738fd524f11751c2a4a6b99a4a0d7db839db25 ? 0146 1/2 1.4219 2
b5b519fc4e2e0b0c94b0e8e60eb6b7199d0e86417cb637cba5b2adf02f92056f ? 0196 2/2 1.9180 2
ee4699f542b41c0be8cd77e4f4a4aca4756ca4d097f42105778389c5a45dea83 ? 0145 1/2 1.4199 2
d8991388090d87d5007bf7048cdb4da3b4941f8dd367b4167aab5f98f0d03c36 ? 0066 1/2 1.4268 2
7ae8da5894991482f2f9165ef5191f211d15e35b6dee27787c12f0211bb32701 ? 0066 1/2 1.4277 2
f5bdb0aa489501e3dbcb03947ee684f28a2b378bce3c546d2d38d0ab82b1c2b7 ? 0054 1/2 1.4209 2
15aedb1cd33d46dfb4b56152650efd707fee5b121e10e01e7e1c4bce5c4b801f ? 0066 2/2 1.9404 2
c763a288fee57867a07f8bdcd2c4dc32dce463e26f940f157c74c7ebb41b85f1 ? 0046 1/2 1.4170 2
2f2191d79914a92e2e21a483a37f9022ab3cbc0e8671d04767cb12dd15580223 ? 0046 1/2 1.4199 2
c2bdc2aae037ecaa9a49eded4970c8cdbd7c7ae724b7aa6dcc09baf55ffba2d6 ? 0046 1/2 1.4219 2
00caf030ec5262fef929148a8c5407b42969d3e314f2c31f36b8d21ad164a1f7 ? 0061 2/2 1.9287 2
e9c3d650ef636b7c73368783cdf25ff4c89018ddbd805e98a73031c17502502b ? 0070 3/2 2.4238 2
1e23f69773e8417fa3c6e10403210563998f3b6a1b101a3894674973794682fe ? 0054 2/2 1.9248 2
642263b21d9d4853135408df109dc8387253a3c8ae6114cda62258ed7816c23b ? 0031 1/2 1.4180 2
5850f7b62850dd980bffda50cc135fe59f03d6833354036ece10e9bd2c48582b ? 0041 2/2 1.9160 2
7241668dd632826838b497d09fd229c56f1b79eb14635515f3f367571b119cf2 ? 0041 2/2 1.9219 2
c3e350ac94698d3820edccde267fe5cc6f5b2857b277bcdd8add7d0c8d0be285 ? 0039 2/2 1.9258 2
a099b87cb3b9d99843cfda73eb77f5af66c2259ffaa339658d55c26150709249 ? 0029 1/2 1.4189 2
deeb15ca85954a809e23eb3018d1cd521a92a5ee3bc8711417e01b623257cab3 ? 0053 2/3 2.0527 2
ee9cf4ee18a202b5b3e37ad40b8b2d44b0cd81887994d85c7b7d7caae2b1d0d3 ? 0029 1/2 1.4209 2
1523238bf42a1c5c6d884a0158519868fcf78b75704a53d20028ab14f431887b ? 0039 2/2 1.9248 2
41bbff82252659006f4ac7672fd8ac35e7c94880350abc53bec7e9d7fa5f14f5 ? 0039 2/2 1.9238 2
7e87e20efc34599b68945fb2a13f1acfa2e5c1d77bdc7caeb3bb6e8f439ab0a4 ? 0029 1/2 1.4199 2
083a0388cb4e586e69cb64f7ee806ef93bab64e22b5e22596c974a4b74359f54 ? 0029 1/2 1.4219 2
6f3d3b7ac030eba9571420fdd29826939355a37a7401211a566cc62ca86fd8c1 ? 0029 1/2 1.4219 2
8aded638ac2cb4203a232beb534f11d96582f1dbe37bc87702b536a200c3c168 ? 0029 1/2 1.4199 2
bd14930eb2693a0d6d8640e3f6c1a4296339770e9f7fc19c34f536fc6f54a425 ? 0029 1/2 1.4209 2
a747fc233ce793e298d2e1cf195ee4ceba88b1dd9fb67618b17361f1a93df712 ? 0029 1/2 1.4209 2
0aa50d7cc60f1bae3fde31c9967d41c01f33016cacc4fe5fe1bd9efca14d7d80 ? 0029 1/2 1.4180 2
8f309b62cf4198a8ce225d91ab01c913de97b0e1b31bb3a16001a2313b2dcc88 ? 0029 1/2 1.4238 2
d5eb221df74f08be47cdc38e85e0bcf44151c29dc1953993d086e4eb3ea557ea ? 0029 1/2 1.4209 2
71a3cb620b37c83e8384423bf50368720c681eed88a14e7eb3b04979fa5e5853 ? 0039 2/2 1.9189 2
fbe27be2268bd6fc64a477ec81023463121cb07cd28dd2ecd34cd1539dc13240 ? 0029 1/2 1.4229 2
f40395a14a4312e14b72fad68635a24b6453cd843af134122d3af7bde75366da ? 0029 1/2 1.4219 2
10cc74bbec3a402105ae05415fdfcc79908d401de82b09c06255bce4f3f9b07a ? 0060 4/2 2.9248 2
0748770fb517f6ddc6dc550f3129bc96ae9b405da61719ff4ce321a9b9c4247e ? 0039 2/2 1.9219 2
112c447a4e0e2a69e536ce9bb594d13dca3cdf19c6c8f2a870bc537e3393ccc0 ? 0029 1/2 1.4180 2
fac921e2212ad3b0a9a9f5275fa9a5cd134457e79d81f2518f14704078893206 ? 0040 2/2 1.9287 2
79581f8910f18754b5c738b41d3133f56b95b323afca13444a6ea87b39fd22f7 ? 0039 2/2 1.9229 2
74e2c213bcc44b2619922586f0a951db040544e1c8b8a3a32413ae853f8af7a0 ? 0029 1/2 1.4229 2
325f9f8881ed424c1cc1a3cd7c05698f4fa460c70be2bd101022a4806cf0ea57 ? 0029 1/2 1.4209 2
79ac8f05a8040a3edcff5a7b500dc2f133e62abf5cdb1cedca9d69012c7e2761 ? 0029 1/2 1.4189 2
4d9ca26c28a13c65b8edfb72b0c31b42669748571610d87e17369cd613cd5837 ? 0029 1/2 1.4238 2
039d4b5b3e496c1ec49e55061b81f5068b937f8b9b1d87ba26d2b8cf7422c7c8 ? 0039 2/2 1.9199 2
6bca4bba610c0c31d9e8f515890e9044c0876812a2510175274e069a454511ae ? 0060 4/2 2.9180 2
a981f9e6befc291b2331bfe5b80540088c3a9677cbe759c019e500d23c51aae9 ? 0039 2/2 1.9209 2
5bade5c18968ee9cbbc2d0091db8fe2da032c2ad069e1c0c180b37ee15ec10e8 ? 0029 1/2 1.4180 2
3f1f6678d74d652f4ad70e63cb780fa990a82dacada42ebaf48d240e8d31432a ? 0029 1/2 1.4219 2
83a30145b22c0b9bf256f5c7d102f4efae02ef1023dc863ab68c71725d0d0e29 ? 0184 16/2 8.9639 2
02ccd7f8f420e2d6974863ef664b8b38e458f1c8b78cf6c8126594a7297173fc ? 0044 1/3 1.6445 2
ffd8090cde46fc48b827386b0f036c9c6a49a597f01a4f1378425acd426e1ca8 ? 0039 2/2 1.9209 2
4f8027ccc3250c7aebec99e23f76ac207fcbe6a90cbc1307bb7099ab43dade22 ? 0039 2/2 1.9189 2
ca5b21e76ed07e9ccccf135d4c9366662fd39354754f332a9bbab97cc0dffbfb ? 0029 1/2 1.4189 2
a561d97009486e7526715b42c72e6fe37d0f9f18af356bcd413c7d8925d187b9 ? 0029 1/2 1.4180 2
b73b32cfec78b292b820e86ee3139106b9b7bad55eb86b445ad8b7af7eea2da7 ? 0080 6/2 3.9287 2
00fbbbbdbd2852d86b0c3c3060f5a438f91e3f0597b14c49d499a0dd4df60ba0 ? 0029 1/2 1.4209 2
d8dd11ebf9580ddaf09f4beda6a9c5232b2ffaa634f4d7d3ad58969e9248bbe1 ? 0307 28/2 14.9854 2
6847c45ff299e5764dab410c568f8b4084c5a255779a78222fbe4bbbca0d2134 ? 0039 2/2 1.9229 2
c7f8cc63970c07ba7a6803710c3fc7159b87445080a1960c39d70bdc669e6960 ? 0039 2/2 1.9248 2
fe9374622205f01fe09cbc9d0f76f0bc36b3be2314fa34a0a287350861192c95 ? 0029 1/2 1.4229 2
ac9bd9ff90a8e04ed86fc015574289e20121ee947ea4107696212e4498bb40a1 ? 0039 2/2 1.9219 2
0383962a335cbe4ff4e8dc5ddb2cf34fcfa062732c9abbc27c80e1ca9f622126 ? 0039 2/2 1.9189 2
a0d23df4cba7d0373a1a56773db086e52fc59e3da257cbc9f7795898fb8b3103 ? 0039 2/2 1.9229 2
6d578066db1cb647cd6bca1ad2add8d5111687ae35e323d7abfadecd5b7aafa2 ? 0039 2/2 1.9209 2
f156d5f2ede50d1752b5b00566b9d4de309efe67291b95eec4460122a3b9aef9 ? 0039 2/2 1.9277 2
2c5db7e91eb441dcfeb3ac39c8f133d0beb32e8443d72d552f082e7f728851ee ? 0039 2/2 1.9258 2
9aea0a82dbbf35bebc41accc7e82c2686fe1875f56f1e0cde53704a3f9ec088d ? 0039 2/2 1.9209 2
f661fcab3e727bd298959178804c4e317099900cb2c81024e7501858c134b267 ? 0053 2/3 2.0527 2
081c8ac1093869797abadd231753d95fd5f4e2c19c536ae21abba0c21acd3236 ? 0029 1/2 1.4199 2
596bdd87c6a199a354491e25da835bd7a8a755cd665c2fe123593d3c2266714c ? 0029 1/2 1.4238 2
e7c33be67de0893b2c3f460f4e8bd65100af7f3f5d51cbcab7066c1868b63db6 ? 0029 1/2 1.4229 2
d9f78ec379cb6c81d753569cbc01f79ea2897818e85379504f3b8ad547c6c6fd ? 0029 1/2 1.4209 2
3fba76d0763bd7411036a0ba2de3a66e01071d8a05ee444ff7a37283ae63495d ? 0039 2/2 1.9238 2
e5752d2c92ae3cd70b6a709ac29cc05c3cad8af7a67e1675a8536c40c192ac94 ? 0029 1/2 1.4199 2
515836db7845d167283ef97ce09e8609c3e4c42f8d4f040049b2a5fd7bb84f74 ? 0029 1/2 1.4258 2
acdb104d2860f0630e066e716d33d3dae62380b2f96d910afa75e25230b26630 ? 0039 2/2 1.9209 2
b013caf49debdcae698c762827d489966cb7f66825fe90cd6111a11ada7210f0 ? 0081 6/2 3.9316 2
a330ccebe004cfdb640a2cdb8ba6a81ed94372b66d15426bdbcff13456811c7c ? 0029 1/2 1.4219 2
bbcbf333754876ead8e32f413f7dc47fb016a4b6505b0200b2d8201a0fbc9293 ? 0029 1/2 1.4248 2
4cf66b9f7106d9de4b7abb71f36591b889f8ed0b674c3b965952f36664ace617 ? 0011 1/2 1.4199 2
92ce8e044fece9cfafa7cfa04decdeb903db43b87b48dfc65fba8870cf3cca06 ? 0011 1/2 1.4219 2
ee424cccf02be88cf57dcb2be4b93cdf6a03f3c2cf2bd06716ba4f74f681592b ? 0011 1/2 1.4229 2
367802680b4dd0cd04bfebc846e02af6ecdec619231db86977e2422c9427fe0c ? 0011 1/2 1.4229 2
f3552280cbedf744198da37ad63c4fd777eeb08c4c56ab8543d809ff0b025e3a ? 0011 2/2 1.9219 2
60049e963d1708a418a9beebf29c340e9ae32821b052b431f18426c97947ce23 ? 0006 1/2 1.4189 2
9c341a73552b7be6875e6c9d0c95caa7d6611c9758cb2c93849d53ac3d79e981 ? 0006 1/2 1.4189 2
240407c20680faf79ffa08ea5b335feffdcb045444652648bbb3488f4d83dc4d ? 0006 1/2 1.4189 2
c403e8f3c3507acc34fb8faaacb236418ddda37b8766f48e19f8b5aab8bc091c ? 0006 1/2 1.4238 2
3566bb633fdd7af88120b3cdacfc45853c861ee97a0f46b7bf29e9ffe6e586c7 ? 0006 1/2 1.4219 2
e614a6d7a9da5b7474488d9206193911818b17cc3daea5cce6ee3df231864464 ? 0009 1/4 1.6172 2
f34a69f01ddc1e32217d4583bfe361f38cb4b4461362b0f64ff4826566684736 ? 0009 1/4 1.6172 2
cf5805c200d2788b1a84b8ec4f395c62d8fdab4cae3db9923af4f939070d9279 ? 0009 1/4 1.6172 2
13a9d34805f2d325e160a3012a8c55b2d22c8e797601c4932dfe9713f92e5577 ? 0009 1/4 1.6172 2
fc524bb67b24762c97823922feacd61b0f32809423a4a8e8e26a8dd823095b67 ? 0009 1/4 1.6172 2
47a20b722720ecf365fccae8d9a300658185c6797c794c87ae9826921cdc996b ? 0009 1/4 1.6172 2
d7200ead855ed2d53e16e021473a3e48dd33dd4ffc739bc7d1ddde4be2ae1b6c ? 0006 1/2 1.4199 2
67bfcc96de213b382ce2d41e79d1250251e9efde2caaa8816e7d8d891e37de70 ? 0006 1/2 1.4199 2
835f13a7e86b8cebfa61ec45296bb646575fa48910a34a9f24bed4ded105f15b ? 0006 1/2 1.4199 2
808b593e3fb68e58fee9f3fe899e65223f4565e1bc7d7a1d0a9049f845caa483 ? 0006 1/2 1.4248 2
aa419239d138b993ce9f507b3366eb3bb2dbd0c5c44d2ef85243e3e78bb9ba64 ? 0009 1/4 1.6152 2
82a6dc0242d91ca6b6a6d5daec5cf066cc47db03277a20f7725f9e891ad988df ? 0009 1/4 1.6152 2
9ba0006edaeddfc35a4d50185763626fc00beba481fc4907db0495cd261f34d7 ? 0009 1/4 1.6201 2
6863bac4842608b2f1cc551cce8c275c91af15ca48516af8d0d202145921b44e ? 0009 1/4 1.6201 2
dff4f8cfd396040391a83e74d5b0e28e00c6c7ee717cd96e68f9496c4a2349ff ? 0009 1/4 1.6201 2
7d471cdf260a87da49355dd8fd7117395ceb4e87492c3db9b5cc96ba48a65169 ? 0008 2/2 1.9229 2
eb5c50b49008bf5f5b0ec79450e9db1706f78e64567de70721444b398655d90b ? 0009 1/4 1.6182 2
9f5573165f7d85e280e3ca625a938a6062d5c190106ec9d7f661cd208821222d ? 0009 1/3 1.6426 2
7acefa4b5751102e9af3658018b265c56894c3ef1f3c60a9ea6edbd42fcc543d ? 0014 5/2 3.4287 2
0a8d5126a4cb38092764cbe76c59d8f686e5ae136e6eb181d861eab92743ae87 ? 0020 8/2 4.9297 2
61942f76a230197f7d9946da5c27a17ee0360aa4a30043b951b33215455f01a3 ? 0016 1/8 2.2236 2
af902427360fd07525ebaad9a492bc1e8008482fd4b8c5a329db96bf169c90e7 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
6d67b6332aea9a5c90bacbd61e62ab8b48658e77e728b6971e4ad32b14afcaac ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
fabbb1bb229ca66358bf714d870bc1c387e3d1c0c3df2045a02bc9d5ebd1012e ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
688722e1212004c091789fce68af4a1cc0691ab0259fcf3cfb2ee0cd4b47b468 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
0049f2bfa05d598541f2eaacbf93726072b2a882169959230dfe71b7f0c107c8 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
5145c4d79cd0a4aa029ac545f650634ecfa8aa7c7e8db6567004075d9f3449bb ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
54ecb7a46b8b687e58f285d0160b79d6d76ac4362a0dadc0063e4e8386ade3e6 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
f299a185ff1b6ead8fb21c1871a55f8039c2f90ef306b3866ec82f0f7ccc23af ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
f68cc6774c7f7f25cb0feb68c58b70c68e104f2e5a58f74807f0d33f1d871858 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
22e33185f35c11c9eedb4bdf9356db02668064d66959f7a3130e8d9ba4a564c2 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
103527b39436c2889a27f9eabd87597a65795958f7f3139747782ac72d9e9543 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
47430ff5538b180d1295d5aef82b44fa767e928d8b24048fe48c5ca6b166a760 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
cca3e3ed6177d5fa669e8fbcf6b69d2602c48c29c3d296e5a2ce839820d0a703 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
9d6b8d822b7193dfc6ca3f61b78b99a55e7175a5ff47ce282bdfa85ab587f5df ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
88d581ec3690e642d8205d4ee0870e60bfb344724d85488195122a633cc70ffa ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
d3ad8ee5d4f31f2e40206deb5db39fd74c7f067fcccfd7fac0f28de9c6eee514 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
d3b42d6b6995585ba4759510203d784492c1c50abd790f83b41418b7e3fc5dc4 ? 0006 1/2 1.4180 2
a46cd4079e0b9d334e33506c4cd6f27a42f7a3e8bbbd97774ab0cef5da4824a2 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
b14384198f7e3ced142c30f2db3817dc9ab16da80f70eb5ca103409aa8d1e394 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
ebb7b428200f89594edfdb0f4c06e27aaf6cba80a0688fc1400a9cbed08b9c13 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
52b16098f32182d06bd8595302935bce1a23253d3894a49435d5b212e5a4762a ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
1925acd09f560ba4a3d5cf401bcc1cd388b2907a769d893326f3aaafdef04785 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
c7b5346037a506f8861ea00a2418b3e55d1c1ece009c1b3fe21e0145513988db ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
eeaa1c00129f47b1a26a1fd1c3764e58c9675da813306a238bac3089d7cbc687 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
f023be58d6ff89e49dc9ab0bd85bf5a54f7e638d9a965b3fa3fea539b2907b63 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
2ec3c48282cb235fc81251d7a01b88478ccfda5fb1f333db46c64ee6a6c5aa52 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
7fe5656a8f4854aec903acd2dc6faa5e07302bacdfa5f5d05eaa2a0da95f1f69 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
38d21440303d2eea26095f57f501469b22b5a02c3f9b61ecfbb1ca0fc556cc4a ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
58bb61953f7dff172eaedb9f29f61988b8f4ddc2ae8caee36fba9ec2e4587575 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
969cb3f0603242d251cf64c908a7151eea56e823f045f3267c320dfba2b3716b ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
53f369b4b47c90ac5113f21bddd85501a0f6b3ecea5fe5a03fa864d9cfb0b1d9 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
5812482a489fc20789abb541af7c8cc7706529a712e1d4a6880738aea02af54e ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
0e6d64a56dfb37a82550da7258fcbaeac736f39b270381f7c127275ca26db791 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
3b90928e9c78a11f4374f1d8ba4d5efd5a05910c7d42679f1f641e985393d582 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
553dc3970bda3da4977860e795c60923a9c067ab1259fd365ffe4836c3f120b5 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
ffa1a2f327ed9858218db1c6be543fd4bbcdf059c8aa9460b43bbd83e4af5ed3 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
ec2fdbada2ba7280a0aec6e899b647238a8c92f9a0257e5272f83db4cb6c1fc7 ? 0006 1/2 1.4229 2
source code | explorer version (api): master-2024-03-03-26331e6 (1.2)